Which RNA attaches to amino acids and then transfers them to the ribosome during translation?

• A. Ribosomal RNA attaches to amino acids and transfers them to the ribosome.
• B. Transfer RNA attaches to amino acids and then transfers them to the ribosome during translation.
• C. Messenger RNA attaches to amino acids and delivers them to the ribosome.
• D. DNA attaches to amino acids and transfers to ribosome.

Answer: (B)

During translation, the adaptor RNA called transfer RNA carries each amino acid to the ribosome. Enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases attach the correct amino acid to its matching tRNA, charging it for delivery. The charged tRNA then brings the amino acid to the ribosome, where its anticodon pairs with the codon on the mRNA and the ribosome catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond to incorporate the amino acid into the growing polypeptide. Ribosomal RNA is part of the ribosome and helps catalyze the reaction, but it does not transport amino acids. Messenger RNA provides the genetic code template, not the amino acids themselves. DNA is the genetic material and is not the molecule delivering amino acids during translation.